Back
Bronx Community Board 6
A monthly update of harassment and displacement risk in rent stabilized* buildings in Bronx Community Board 6. Each list is one risk factor.
You can click directly to a property's HPD building info (HPD), DOB Building Information System (DOB), ACRIS financial records (ACRIS), or OASIS Map (OASIS) page. You can also click the link for a building's registered Owner to view its Who Owns What page and its Address to view it in Google Maps. The (Taxes) link will take you to the Department of Finance portal to view tax records and tax exemption information.
If a building appears on more than one of the lists below in a given month it will be coded:
Yellow: two risk factors
Orange: three risk factors
Red: four risk factors
Tip: to find the building on other lists, expand all of them and then copy its BBL (Borough, Block, and Lot code) and use Find (Ctrl+F or ⌘+F).
For more information on using DAP District Reports, visit the Tutorial page.
/
New sales of residential buildings last month (5 buildings)

A high sales price can mean the new owner plans to displace existing tenants to make large profits. All property transfers are included here, even when the recorded dollar amount is 0. Sales data is messy — click a building's (ACRIS) link for more detailed documentation. Note: data from the Department of Finance can lag, so these sales might be from the month before last.

BBLAddressZipTotal UnitsStab­ilized Units ('07)Stab­ilized Units ('16)Sales PricePrice/Sq. FootSale Date ▾OwnerLinks
2030780033615 EAST 189 STREET104582425 25$0$001/18/2017FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I. LLC.,FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I LLC.,FLATIRON REAL ESTATE ADVISORS (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20308700092320 HUGHES AVENUE1045866 6$1,100,000$15101/04/2017SKS ENTERPRISES LCC,HUGHES LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20309100352483 CAMBRELENG AVENUE104582121 21$0$001/18/2017FLATIRON REAL ESTATE ADVISORS LLC,FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I,LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20309100502476 CAMBRELENG AVENUE104581717 $0$001/18/2017FLATIRON REAL ESTATE ADVISORS LLC,FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I,LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310500232470 BEAUMONT AVENUE104581212 12$16,575,000$1,67401/18/2017FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I,LLC,FLATIRON REAL ESTATE ADVISORS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
Buildings with 5+ new complaints filed with HPD last month (57 buildings)

Complaints that tenants make about conditions in their apartment or building get sent to Housing Preservation and Development for inspection. One complaint can include multiple problems in an apartment or a building. Click a building's (HPD) link for details.

BBLAddressZipTotal UnitsStab­ilized Units ('07)Stab­ilized Units ('16)Compl­aints ▾Owner Links
20295200531801 MARMION AVENUE10460262526431801 MARMION LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310700361967 MARMION AVENUE1046073727238MARMION REALTY 1967-1971 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305700112410 WASHINGTON AVENUE1045817016916934FORDHAM FULTON REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031340020990 BRONX PARK SOUTH104605331968 BRONX PARK SOUTH, LLC,990 BRONX PARK SOUTH, LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20308700032308 HUGHES AVENUE10458889192308 REALTY ASSOC., LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303700574464 PARK AVENUE10457131313174464 PARK AVENUE REALTY 2 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20312300442082 MOHEGAN AVENUE10460343417BSP 2088 MOHEGAN 1, LLC,NIEUW AMSTERDAM PROPERTY MANAGEMENT (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305600012406 LORILLARD PLACE1045826252617JLP METRO MANAGEMENT INC,2406 LORILLARD PLACE LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030740028636 EAST 187 STREET1045887162395 BELMONT REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030580042495 EAST 188 STREET1045830303015BRONX 495 EAST 188 STREET (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20306900912037 HUGHES AVENUE10457272626152037 HUGHES AVENUE (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303100694575 PARK AVENUE1045862595914PARK AVE APTS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20298500131890 CROTONA PARKWAY10460393939131890 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310200052304 CROTONA AVENUE10458312929122304 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031340028995 EAST 181 STREET1046026242411APPLE PROPERTIES LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20308900532321 BEAUMONT AVENUE104588710GERARD AVENUE LAND REALTY INC. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20295000401904 CROTONA AVENUE104578891904 CROTONA REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311500132434 PROSPECT AVENUE104585049508L.D. PROPERTY MGMT,2438 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310200152330 CROTONA AVENUE104582525258GAZIVODA MANAGEMENT LLC,2330 SM LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2029500030709 FAIRMOUNT PLACE1045761608FAIRMOUNT REALTY 709-715 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20312800272115 VYSE AVENUE104602120208GRENADIER REALTY CORP.,CRISCUOLO COURT II LP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031280009924 EAST 181 STREET1046034348DALY IV ASSOCIATES,LP,CDC MANAGEMENT CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030310047416 EAST 187 STREET1045812118416 EAST 187TH STREET LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311800332083 MOHEGAN AVENUE1046042427BSP CROTONA, LLC,NIEUW AMSTERDAM PROPERTY MANAGEMENT (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030340047467 EAST TREMONT AVENUE104572626267SOUTH BRONX ACCESS HDFC,DOUGERT MGMT CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20304800092170 BATHGATE AVENUE104573033337GAZIVODA MANAGEMENT LLC,2170 MW LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20300500771950 BRYANT AVENUE104603127287BRYANT AVENUE HOLDINGS II LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311900522144 CROTONA PARKWAY104604442437ALEMJENA LLC,L.D. PROPERTY MGMT (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20295000011879 CLINTON AVENUE104573030307GRENADIER REALTY CORP.,EAGLE'S NEST HDFC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031330013966 EAST 181 STREET1046042427DALY IV ASSOCIATES,LP,CDC MANAGEMENT CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030690078612 EAST 180 STREET104572625256FRANCO REALTY ASSOC. LLC,FRANCO REALTY,FRANCO REALTY ASSOC, LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20312400662147 HONEYWELL AVENUE104603232326MARGARITA SANTOS APTS H.D.F.C,GRENADIER REALTY CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311100402136 MAPES AVENUE10460202062136 MAPES AVE LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20304000034648 PARK AVENUE104587070706PARK AVE ASSOC LP,WAVECREST MANAGEMENT GROUP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20309000252407 BEAUMONT AVENUE10458151362407 BEAUMONT LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20327303132536 BATHGATE AVENUE1045866662536 BATHGATE, INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2029850069922 ELSMERE PLACE1046015156ELSMERE ASSOCIATES LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310200472339 PROSPECT AVENUE104583333336GRENADIER REALTY CORP.,ESTRELLA VARGAS HDFC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20294800471785 PROSPECT AVENUE104573031306PROSPECT PLACE HDFC,GRENADIER REALTY CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20298500571933 DALY AVENUE104606261625DALY AVENUE LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311500092420 PROSPECT AVENUE104585040515599 WEST 188TH ST. INC.,APG REALTY CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303100604589 PARK AVENUE104582525255BRONX 4589 PARK AVE LP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303100192338 WEBSTER AVENUE10458885ABJ WEBSTER LLC,ABJ WEBSTER, LLC. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20312500062112 HONEYWELL AVENUE10460101152112 HONEYWELL LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303700772179 WASHINGTON AVENUE1045736343552179 CONSTRUCTION REALTY, LLC,2179 REALTY CONSTRUCT LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307000302111 HUGHES AVENUE104577272725FORDHAM BEDFORD HOUSING CORP,HUGHES AVENUE ASSOCIATES,LP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030710025598 EAST 183 STREET104572925265LERATEX REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307400042334 HUGHES AVENUE1045819155PRISTINA REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307300522367 HUGHES AVENUE1045816161652367 HUGHES REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307400212384 HUGHES AVENUE1045810101052384 HUGHES AVE CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20295000461916 CROTONA AVENUE10457851916 PERSAUD REALTY, INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307400342373 BELMONT AVENUE104582725265BELMONT EAST 186 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20308000192082 HUGHES AVENUE104573027305HUGHES AVENUE CORP,HUGHES AVE CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307000052110 ARTHUR AVENUE1045727262752110 ARTHUR ASSETS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20291700061824 WASHINGTON AVENUE104578885ADVANTAGE MANAGEMENT,EAST TREMONT EC LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20309100502476 CAMBRELENG AVENUE1045817175FLATIRON REAL ESTATE ADVISORS LLC,FORDHAM PORTFOLIO I,LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030680061601 EAST 178 STREET104572621215GRENADIER REALTY CORP.,BELLE APARTMENTS HDFC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
Buildings with 10+ new violations issued by HPD last month (41 buildings)

HPD issues violations of the Housing Maintenance Code after inspecting building conditions. Class A, B, and C violations can indicate a landlord is neglecting or actively harassing tenants, Class C being the most severe (info, p.7). Click a building's (HPD) link for more details.

BBLAddressZipTotal UnitsStab­ilized Units ('07)Stab­ilized Units ('16)Class AClass BClass CTotal ▾OwnerLinks
20307000052110 ARTHUR AVENUE104572726 2774621742110 ARTHUR ASSETS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303100694575 PARK AVENUE104586259 59532946PARK AVE APTS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310300262350 BEAUMONT AVENUE104583028 284932452350 BEAUMONT LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031040061737 EAST 187 STREET1045831 524938TZUR 187 ST LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031340020990 BRONX PARK SOUTH1046053 822636968 BRONX PARK SOUTH, LLC,990 BRONX PARK SOUTH, LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20313200232082 VYSE AVENUE1046089 9175830 (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20298500131890 CROTONA PARKWAY104603939 393213271890 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305400062356 LORILLARD PLACE104583031 313202252356 LORILLARD LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303900622351 WASHINGTON AVENUE104587 315422475 EAST 185TH ST. LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030710025598 EAST 183 STREET104572925 26315321LERATEX REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031100063786 EAST 182 STREET104605249 50541221786 EAST 182 LLC,786 E 182 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030550058518 EAST 187 STREET104581616 14107320518 EAST 187TH ST. BRONX LLC,JLP METRO MANAGEMENT INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305600012406 LORILLARD PLACE104582625 26115420JLP METRO MANAGEMENT INC,2406 LORILLARD PLACE LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031140075775 EAST 185 STREET104602020 21710219S.O.K REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310700361967 MARMION AVENUE104607372 7219919MARMION REALTY 1967-1971 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030310047416 EAST 187 STREET1045812 11214319416 EAST 187TH STREET LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310300542311 CROTONA AVENUE1045899 9113418BLJ PROPERTIES LLC,JASMEL GROUP INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030680055600 EAST 178 STREET104574344 41104418600 E. 178TH ST LLC,PARK AVE SOUTH MGMT (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2029240001501 EAST 176 STREET1045766 2114173RD AVENUE HEIGHTS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20304000034648 PARK AVENUE104587070 70210517PARK AVE ASSOC LP,WAVECREST MANAGEMENT GROUP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031150001751 EAST 187 STREET104583029 77317TZUR 187 ST REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311500092420 PROSPECT AVENUE104585040 5148517599 WEST 188TH ST. INC.,APG REALTY CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307400442394 BELMONT AVENUE104582424 2418716 (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20312300442082 MOHEGAN AVENUE1046034 3445615BSP 2088 MOHEGAN 1, LLC,NIEUW AMSTERDAM PROPERTY MANAGEMENT (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031240042865 EAST 181 STREET1046013 1329314PARK AVE SOUTH MGMT,865 E. 181ST ST. BRONX LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2029490039701 EAST 175 STREET104572020 20013114EAST 175TH REALTY,HIRAM (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2040070001437 MORRIS PARK AVENUE104606868 6828313437 MORRIS PARK LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20295000461916 CROTONA AVENUE104578 1120131916 PERSAUD REALTY, INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20295800201841 MOHEGAN AVENUE104601514 7481131841 LLC,CHESTNUT HOLDINGS OF NEW YORK (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030580019502 EAST 189 STREET104583028 2956112BRONX 502 EAST 189 STREET LP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20307500062414 BELMONT AVENUE104583226 32570122414 BELMONT LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305300252324 BASSFORD AVENUE104583230 3046212TOWER MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC,505 BRONX EQUITIES LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20304100434726 PARK AVENUE104582113 21174124726 PARK LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303100494627 PARK AVENUE1045888 36312C & B REALTY HOLDING (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031140077771 EAST 185 STREET104602121 2131812EAST 185TH STREET REALTY CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20400700371180 LEBANON STREET104605654 54281111180 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2029550040805 FAIRMOUNT PLACE1046035 3408311FAIRMOUNT REALTY 805 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311500132434 PROSPECT AVENUE104585049 5018110L.D. PROPERTY MGMT,2438 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20296000701951 SOUTHERN BOULEVARD104601716 160100101951 SOUTHERN BLVD REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030580042495 EAST 188 STREET104583030 3017210BRONX 495 EAST 188 STREET (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310600082000 PROSPECT AVENUE104606564 6409110PROSPECT 2000 REALTY,PROSPECT 2000 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
Buildings with 2+ new complaints filed with DOB last month (3 buildings)

Complaints that tenants make about construction or certain building conditions (e.g. broken elevator) get sent to the Department of Buildings. Click a building's (DOB) link for details through the Building Information System.

BBLAddressZipTotal UnitsStab­ilized Units ('07)Stab­ilized Units ('16)Compl­aints ▾OwnerLinks
20305000202268 WASHINGTON AVENUE1045720202022268 BRONX EQUITIES LLC,TOWER MANAGEMENT GROUP LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310300262350 BEAUMONT AVENUE1045830282822350 BEAUMONT LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310800022048 MAPES AVENUE104601313132MAPES REALTY PARTNERS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
Buildings with new DOB permit applications filed last month (9 buildings)

Construction permit applications show a landlord's intention to do construction and renovations, which can be used to destabilize apartments. For example, Alt 2 permits may represent work that will justify Individual Apartment Improvement rent increases (more info on permit types, p.5). Buildings are included here based on construction permit pre-filing dates. Click a building's (DOB) link for details through the Building Information System.

BBLAddressZipTotal UnitsStab­ilized Units ('07)Stab­ilized Units ('16)Alt 1 Perm­itsAlt 2 Perm­its ▾DM Perm­itsOwnerLinks
2031120025770 GARDEN STREET104605245 47020LANGSAM PROP. SERV. CORP.,GARDEN PROPERTY ASSOC LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2031120030780 GARDEN STREET104605957 59020LANGSAM PROP. SERV. CORP.,GARDEN PROPERTY ASSOC LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20305600242403 HOFFMAN STREET104583232 320102403 HOFFMAN STREET, LLC,LANGSAM PROP. SERVICE CORP. (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
2030680093620 EAST 178 STREET104574740 010620 EAST 178 LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20298500131890 CROTONA PARKWAY104603939 390101890 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310700041984 MAPES AVENUE1046020 19010LIMAK REALTY CORP (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20311100492158 MAPES AVENUE104604646 46010MAPES BOULEVARD, HDFC,PHIPPS HOUSES SERVICES INC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20310600082000 PROSPECT AVENUE104606564 64010PROSPECT 2000 REALTY,PROSPECT 2000 REALTY LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
20303700564462 PARK AVENUE104571313 0104462 PARK AVE PARTNERS LLC,4464 PARK AVE PARTNERS LLC (HPD) (DOB) (ACRIS) (Taxes) (OASIS)
Back | Top
*All buildings in the report have contained at least one rent stabilized unit between 2007 and 2016. Stabilized unit numbers are approximate and based on property tax bills from the NYC Department of Finance: click a building's (Taxes) link for individual property tax bills. Missing or fluctuating numbers may be due to missing/incorrect registration by the owner or inconsistencies in property tax documentation. NYS Homes and Community Renewal maintains the most accurate information on rent stabilization, which is not available to the public.
Data sources: taxbills.nyc (github.com/talos, CC BY-SA); DOF Rolling Sales, PLUTO 16v2; NYC Open Data Portal: Housing Maintenance Code Complaints, Housing Maintenance Code Violations, DOB Complaints Received, DOB Job Applications Filings, Multiple Dwelling Registrations, Registration Contacts
The Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development produces these District Reports and DAP Map as part of the Displacement Alert Project. Email itzamna.h@anhd.org with feedback or questions.
Made possible by support from
Ford Foundation